If you have a large, deep chested dog such as a Doberman or German Shepherd, you have probably heard of "bloat".  "Bloat" is the common term for Gastric Dilatation Volvulus, a serious and life-threatening emergency.  At the emergency clinic I work at part time, it is referred to as "it that shall not be named" as in the Harry Potter books!  So, what is it?  GDV occurs when the stomach fills with gas and then rotates on itself. Some pets' stomachs will simply dilate with gas and not rotate. If rotation occurs, it will cut off the blood supply to the stomach itself and close off the esophagus.  Since the esophagus is blocked, these dogs will appear like they are trying to vomit but they cannot.  Once the blood supply to the stomach is cut off from the twisting, this organ begins to die.  Surgery is required to save these dogs.  One surgery text quotes a mortality rate of 20-45% with surgery!  The surgical procedure is called a gastropexy.  This involves making a permanent adhesion between the stomach and the body wall.  There are many different ways of doing this procedure, and some vets will even do it as a preventative surgery at the same time as the spay or neuter.

Why does this happen?  No one knows for sure.  However, there are measures you can take to help prevent this from happening.  First, feed your large breed dog multiple small meals a day.  Never heavily exercise your pet after eating a meal.  Avoid stress while your pet is eating.  For example, if you have two pets eating at the same time, separate them while eating.  There is much controversy over whether or not to elevate the food bowls, as this may increase ingestion of air.  It is recommended that animals with a first-degree relative that has had a history of GDV not be used for breeding.

What clinical signs should you watch for?  Attempting to vomit unsuccessfully, retching, and obvious abdominal swelling are the most common clinical signs.   GDV seems to occur mostly at night, so always check your pet before bedtime.  If you see any of these signs, take your pet to a veterinarian immediately.  

Dr. Lindsey H. McCraney